Alpha-MSH
α-MSH · Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone · Melanocortin 1-13 ACTH fragment
The endogenous tridecapeptide that controls skin pigmentation via MC1R, regulates appetite and energy expenditure via MC3R/MC4R, and has potent anti-inflammatory properties — the parent molecule of the melanotan family.
Half-Life
~3-7 minutes (plasma, rapidly degraded by serum endopeptidases)
MW
1664.9 Da
Amino Acids
13 AA
Evidence
High Evidence
Regulatory Status
Endogenous peptide with extensive research history. The stable analog afamelanotide (Scenesse) is FDA/EMA-approved for erythropoietic protoporphyria. Alpha-MSH itself is a research chemical. Melanotan analogs are not FDA-approved and are regulated as grey-market research peptides.
In Plain English
Your skin's natural tanning signal and your brain's natural appetite suppressor — both in one peptide. Alpha-MSH tells melanocytes to make dark protective pigment and tells your hypothalamus to eat less. The melanotan peptides (Melanotan 1 and 2, PT-141) are all synthetic modifications of this natural molecule, designed to be more stable and potent.
Overview
Alpha-MSH (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide derived from POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) by cleavage in the anterior pituitary and skin. It is the natural agonist for melanocortin receptors MC1R through MC5R, with different receptors mediating distinct effects: MC1R governs skin/hair pigmentation; MC3R/MC4R regulate energy balance and appetite (the hypothalamic melanocortin system); MC5R affects exocrine gland function and immune regulation. Alpha-MSH is the direct precursor/template for the melanotan peptides (Melanotan I = afamelanotide, a linear α-MSH analog; Melanotan II = cyclic analog with sexual/libido effects via MC4R). The endogenous peptide has rapid degradation in plasma but plays physiological roles in pigmentation, inflammation, fever suppression, and energy homeostasis.
Common Formats
- Research-grade synthetic alpha-MSH (SC/IV)
- Not commercially available as therapeutic
Storage Notes
Lyophilized: -20°C. Reconstituted: 4°C, 1-2 weeks. Protect from light (UV degrades melanocortin peptides). Avoid alkaline pH.
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Related Compounds
Melanotan I
A synthetic alpha-MSH analogue with FDA-orphan drug approval for erythropoietic protoporphyria, producing skin darkening through melanin stimulation.
Melanotan II
A cyclic alpha-MSH analogue with potent melanogenic, sexual arousal, and appetite-suppressing effects through broad melanocortin receptor activation.
PT-141
FDA-approved melanocortin receptor agonist for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, with off-label research in men.
Kisspeptin
An endogenous neuropeptide and master regulator of the HPG axis, GnRH release, and reproductive function with significant clinical research interest.
Educational Disclaimer: All information on this page is for educational and research purposes only. This does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional.